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	<title>How To</title>
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		<title>How To</title>
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		<title>BackBlaze Pod Petabyte scale storage solution at low price</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/23/backblaze-pod-petabyte-scale-storage-solution-at-low-price/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/23/backblaze-pod-petabyte-scale-storage-solution-at-low-price/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2009 19:45:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Varie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=108</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A inizio mese Backclaze una società che offre soluzioni di backup online ha rilasciato il progetto delle sue unità storage.
Dalle loro ricerche è emerso questi risultati in termini di costo di 1 Petabyte (1000Tb) con la tecnologia attualmente in commercio.

Come ben potete notare il costo della loro soluzione (ovviamente esclusa la parte software di gestione) [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=108&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>A inizio mese Backclaze una società che offre soluzioni di backup online ha rilasciato il progetto delle sue unità storage.</p>
<p>Dalle loro ricerche è emerso questi risultati in termini di costo di 1 Petabyte (1000Tb) con la tecnologia attualmente in commercio.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="ptcost" src="http://blog.backblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/cost-of-a-petabyte-chart.jpg" alt="" width="392" height="449" /></p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Come ben potete notare il costo della loro soluzione (ovviamente esclusa la parte software di gestione) è nettamente inferiore alle più note marche in commercio.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Un&#8217;unità da 67Tb ha un costo di 7867$ qui di seguito alcune immagini :</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="backblaze" src="http://blog.backblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/backblaze-storage-pod-partially-assembled.jpg" alt="" width="336" height="226" /></p>
<p>Il progetto è composto in totale da 45 dischi Sata da 1,5tb l&#8217;uno,che creano 3 volumi in RAID6 da 15 dischi ognuno (permette di perdere sino a 3 dischi senza perdere l&#8217;intero volume),su cui gira Debian 4 64bit e Jfs come file system (al momento il più prestante in questo genere di applicazioni),il tutto governato da interfaccia web,tramite le applicazioni proprietarie di backblaze.Tutto il &#8220;Pod&#8221; è assemblato con pezzi di facile reperibilità sul mercato,quindi in teoria praticabile da tutti.Sul sito è presente anche il modello in 3d dell&#8217;enclosure.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img class="aligncenter" title="backblazeproject" src="http://blog.backblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/backblaze-storage-pod-main-components.jpg" alt="" width="336" height="480" /></p>
<p>Un progetto davvero notevole complimenti a Backblaze.Di seguito il link al loro sito e articolo.</p>
<p><a href="http://blog.backblaze.com/2009/09/01/petabytes-on-a-budget-how-to-build-cheap-cloud-storage/">http://blog.backblaze.com/2009/09/01/petabytes-on-a-budget-how-to-build-cheap-cloud-storage/</a></p>
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			<media:title type="html">ptcost</media:title>
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		<title>Trial Cloud Computing for ALL !!</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/trial-cloud-computing-for-all/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/trial-cloud-computing-for-all/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2009 17:11:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Varie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amazon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cloud]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cloud computing]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Per tutti quelli che ultimamente hanno sentito parlare abbondantemente di Cloud Computing,ma non hanno capito molto bene che cosa sia,RightScale offre un servizio trial dei servizi Amazon EC2 della durata di 10 ore (corrispondenti a circa 1$,secondo i prezzi di Amazon).Serve solamente inserire la propria mail e compilare qualche altro campo e si è pronti [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=103&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Per tutti quelli che ultimamente hanno sentito parlare abbondantemente di Cloud Computing,ma non hanno capito molto bene che cosa sia,RightScale offre un servizio trial dei servizi Amazon EC2 della durata di 10 ore (corrispondenti a circa 1$,secondo i prezzi di Amazon).Serve solamente inserire la propria mail e compilare qualche altro campo e si è pronti a partire.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;"><a href="http://www.rightscale.com/products/free_edition-B.php">Right Scale Free Trial</a></pre>
<p>Il cloud computing offerto da Amazon,mette nel Cloud di tutto dagli Array , ai db,ai frontend, indirizzi ip,dns.Questi servizi sono molto utili per fronteggiare rapidamente necessità momentanee di scalabilità come può essere un forte numero improvviso di utenti  (per esempio un negozio online di articoli da regalo durante  il periodo natalizio),o agli sviluppatori di applicazioni su larga scala permette di tirare su in pochi minuti un perfetto scenario di test,altrimenti per velocizzare operazioni di calcolo.</p>
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		<title>Show PHP errors in shared server</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/show-php-errors-in-shared-server/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/show-php-errors-in-shared-server/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2009 16:54:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Varie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[developers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[errors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=101</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Capita a volte sviluppando una nuova applicazione web,di dover vedere gli output degli errori generati da php nell&#8217;esecuzione della nostra applicazione,cosa che risulta difficoltosa se non possiamo accedere al file di configurazione php.ini del server (per esempio se abbiamo acquistato un servizio di hosting non dedicato o similare).
Come workaround possiamo aggiungere all&#8217;interno del nostro codice [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=101&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Capita a volte sviluppando una nuova applicazione web,di dover vedere gli output degli errori generati da php nell&#8217;esecuzione della nostra applicazione,cosa che risulta difficoltosa se non possiamo accedere al file di configurazione php.ini del server (per esempio se abbiamo acquistato un servizio di hosting non dedicato o similare).</p>
<p>Come workaround possiamo aggiungere all&#8217;interno del nostro codice queste due semplici righe per avere l&#8217;output direttamente a video <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p> </p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set("display_errors", 1);</pre>
<p>Mi raccomando ricordatevi di eliminare le righe una volta che la fase di sviluppo è completata per non mostrare eventuali errori ai vostri utenti <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>How to use chkconfig and service utility in Red Hat and  CentOS distributions</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/20/how-to-use-chkconfig-and-service-utility-in-red-hat-and-centos-distributions/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/20/how-to-use-chkconfig-and-service-utility-in-red-hat-and-centos-distributions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2009 13:03:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[centos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chkconfig]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[redhat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[service]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=94</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In tutte le release di CentOS nonchè di RedHat troviamo due utility per gestire l&#8217;avvio e il kill dei servizi nei vari runlevel,il primo è chkconfig che ci permette di rendere automatica e di facile standardizzazione l&#8217;installazione come servizi delle proprie applicazioni,mentre con service possiamo startare/stoppare e restartare qualunque applicazione senza dover mettere il path [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=94&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>In tutte le release di CentOS nonchè di RedHat troviamo due utility per gestire l&#8217;avvio e il kill dei servizi nei vari runlevel,il primo è chkconfig che ci permette di rendere automatica e di facile standardizzazione l&#8217;installazione come servizi delle proprie applicazioni,mentre con service possiamo startare/stoppare e restartare qualunque applicazione senza dover mettere il path <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Per esempio vediamo l&#8217;init script di un programma preinstallato come OpenSSH.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">[root@rac2 init.d]# head -8 sshd
#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for OpenSSH server daemon
#
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# description: OpenSSH server daemon
#</pre>
<p>Come possiamo vedere qui sopra vi è una linea chkconfig ,che verrà letta dai comandi a lui correlati.Adesso vediamo cosa significano i numeri di quella riga.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;"> chkconfig: 2345 55 25
            |    |   |_Priorità nella fase di kill del programma (es. il link in /etc/rc.d/rc0.d sarà K25sshd)
            |    |_____Priorità di start del programma    (es. il link in /etc/rc.d/rc3.d sarà S55sshd
            |__________Enumero i runlevels su cui deve essere attivo il programma</pre>
<p>Quindi una volta configurata questa riga nei nostri init script,la andiamo a copiare in /etc/init.d quindi daremo i seguenti comandi:<br />
Aggiungo i link nei runlevel specificati&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">chkconfig sshd --add</pre>
<p>Abilito il programma&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">chkconfig sshd on</pre>
<p>Quindi effettuo un listing per vedere se tutto ha funzionato correttamente&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">chkconfig sshd --list</pre>
<p>L&#8217;output sarà qualcosa del tipo&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">[root@rac2 /]# chkconfig sshd --list
sshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off</pre>
<p>Adesso che tutto è configurato possiamo far partire il programma in questo modo&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">[root@rac2 /]# service sshd start</pre>
<p>Piuttosto che fare&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">[root@rac2 rc2.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd start</pre>
<p>E per avere lo status di tutti i nostri servizi /programmi basterà lanciare&#8230;</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">[root@rac2 /]# service --status-all
apmd (pid 682) is running...
arpwatch is stopped
atd (pid 1151) is running...
cannaserver (pid 985) is running...
crond (pid 1003) is running...
cserver (pid 966) is running...
jserver (pid 946) is running...
gpm is stopped
identd is stopped
ipchains: Incompatible with this kernel
No status available for this package
kserver (pid 1023) is running...
lpd is stopped</pre>
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		<title>Assessment Tool by Symantec Calcola il prezzo che potrebbero avere i tuoi dati nel mercato nero</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/13/assessment-tool-by-symantec-calcola-il-prezzo-che-potrebbero-avere-i-tuoi-dati-nel-mercato-nero/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/13/assessment-tool-by-symantec-calcola-il-prezzo-che-potrebbero-avere-i-tuoi-dati-nel-mercato-nero/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2009 22:15:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Varie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[assessment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hacker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[identity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[symantec]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[underground]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=91</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In questi giorni la Symantec ha rilasciato un tool on-line per calcolare il valore della tua identità sul mercato nero di internet.E&#8217; molto curioso,la mia vale solo sui 10$ ,effettivamente ci sono rimasto un pò male.Provatelo anche voi&#8230;.
http://www.everyclickmatters.com/victim/assessment-tool.html
       <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=91&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>In questi giorni la Symantec ha rilasciato un tool on-line per calcolare il valore della tua identità sul mercato nero di internet.E&#8217; molto curioso,la mia vale solo sui 10$ ,effettivamente ci sono rimasto un pò male.Provatelo anche voi&#8230;.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.everyclickmatters.com/victim/assessment-tool.html">http://www.everyclickmatters.com/victim/assessment-tool.html</a></p>
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		<title>Linux Firewall How to abort (cut) specific connections</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/13/linux-firewall-how-to-abort-cut-specific-connections/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/13/linux-firewall-how-to-abort-cut-specific-connections/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2009 11:03:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[connections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cutter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iptraf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kill]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[netstat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ntop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tcpkill]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=88</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Alcune volte capita gestendo Firewall basati su distribuzioni Linux di dover killare eventuali connessioni superfluee,o non autorizzate o più semplicemente terminare vpn lasciate aperte dagli impiegati piuttosto che terminare connessioni con alti consumi di banda nonchè peer-to-peer.Per fare ciò non possiamo affidarci al solito comando netstat dovremmo imparare a utilizzare altri due comandi disponibili in [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=88&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Alcune volte capita gestendo Firewall basati su distribuzioni Linux di dover killare eventuali connessioni superfluee,o non autorizzate o più semplicemente terminare vpn lasciate aperte dagli impiegati piuttosto che terminare connessioni con alti consumi di banda nonchè peer-to-peer.Per fare ciò non possiamo affidarci al solito comando <strong>netstat </strong>dovremmo imparare a utilizzare altri due comandi disponibili in linux.</p>
<p>Il primo comando disponibile è il comando <strong>tcpkill</strong>.</p>
<p>La sintassi del comando è:</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">tcpkill -i eth0 { expression }</pre>
<p>Per esempio per poter killare tutte le connessioni in uscita sulla porta 21 (ftp) potremmo usare il comando nella seguente maniera.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">tcpkill -i eth0 port 21</pre>
<p>Oppure bloccare completamente tutte le connessioni da e per un determinato host.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">tcpkill host 192.168.0.123</pre>
<p>Altrimenti bloccare tutti i pacchetti tra un determinato host e tutti gli altri pc in rete ad esclusione del nostro.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">tcpkill ip host 192.168.0.123 and not 192.168.0.15</pre>
<p>Il secondo è <strong>cutter</strong>.</p>
<p>Per esempio se volessimo terminare tutte le connessioni da un&#8217;host al resto del mondo.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">cutter 192.168.0.123</pre>
<p>Se invece ci interessa terminare solo le connessioni ssh.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">cutter 192.168.0.123 22</pre>
<p>Se vogliamo essere più specifici e bloccare tutte le connessioni ssh dal 192.168.0.123 al server remoto 123.123.123.123 la sintassi sarà la seguente.</p>
<pre style="color:#000000;background-color:#f0f0f0;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;">cutter 123.123.123.123 192.168.0.123 22</pre>
<p>Direi che questi 2 utilissimi comandi se usati in aggiunta ad iptraf o ad altri programmi di monitoring come ntop permettono anche l&#8217;automazione di eventuali operazioni ripetitive come la disconnessione do tutte le vpn alla fine del turno di lavoro.</p>
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		<title>Passive fingerprinting of a system through firewall log</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/08/passive-fingerprinting-of-a-system-through-firewall-log/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/08/passive-fingerprinting-of-a-system-through-firewall-log/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2009 22:19:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fingerprint]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[forensics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[In determinate situazioni,vi potrebbe essere chiesto di raccogliere informazioni su eventuali sistemi ormai non più raggiungibili per svariati motivi (spenti&#8230;?oppure più semplicemente poichè non autorizzati dalla direzione piuttosto che da motivi legali&#8230;),in questo determinato caso per ottenere informazioni su questo/i sistemi dovremmo avventurarci nel mondo del network forensics.,il quale consiste nel raccogliere informazioni attraverso l&#8217;osservazione [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=86&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>In determinate situazioni,vi potrebbe essere chiesto di raccogliere informazioni su eventuali sistemi ormai non più raggiungibili per svariati motivi (spenti&#8230;?oppure più semplicemente poichè non autorizzati dalla direzione piuttosto che da motivi legali&#8230;),in questo determinato caso per ottenere informazioni su questo/i sistemi dovremmo avventurarci nel mondo del network forensics.,il quale consiste nel raccogliere informazioni attraverso l&#8217;osservazione di  eventuali &#8220;tracce&#8221;,lasciate dai sistemi sugli apparati di rete aziendali.</p>
<p>Di seguito spiegherò come poter risalire alla marca produttrice della macchina e a riconoscere il sistema operativo installato sulla stessa.</p>
<p>Normalmente le macchine basate su sistema operativo Windows creano di default i pacchetti con un TTL standard di 128,mentre per le macchine con sistema operativo Linux di ultima generazione presentano un TTL standard di 64.</p>
<p>Ne consegue che un pacchetto che arriva con un TTL di 126 è molto più probabilmente attribuile a una macchina Windows a 2 hop (router) di distanza dal nostro firewall piuttosto che un pacchetto generato da una macchina Linux a 126 hop di distanza.Stessa cosa è valida per le macchine Linux,un pacchetto con TTL 60,sarà in linea di massima attribuibile a una macchina Linux a 4 hop di distanza.</p>
<p>Provate a indovinare la marca produttrice e il sistema operativo da questi log estratti da un firewall basato su iptables.</p>
<blockquote><p>Mar 24 12:13:13 192.168.1.10 kernel: [ 915.256256] FIREWALL:BLOCKEDIN=eth3 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:21:70:4d:4f:ae:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.170 DST=192.168.1.255 LEN=96 TOS=0×00 PREC=0×00 TTL=128 ID=61495 PROTO=UDP SPT=137 DPT=137 LEN=76<br style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:0;padding:0;" />Mar 24 12:13:14 192.168.1.10 kernel: [ 916.006952] FIREWALL:BLOCKEDIN=eth3 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:21:70:4d:4f:ae:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.170 DST=192.168.1.255 LEN=96 TOS=0×00 PREC=0×00 TTL=128 ID=61496 PROTO=UDP SPT=137 DPT=137 LEN=76<br style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;margin:0;padding:0;" />Mar 24 12:13:14 192.168.1.10 kernel: [ 916.764653] FIREWALL:BLOCKEDIN=eth3 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:21:70:4d:4f:ae:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.170 DST=192.168.1.255 LEN=96 TOS=0×00 PREC=0×00 TTL=128 ID=61497 PROTO=UDP SPT=137 DPT=137 LEN=76</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Dal valore del TTL possiamo evincere che sia una macchina Windows nella stessa sotto rete del firewall (0 hop di distanza),mentre dal mac address &#8220;00:21:70:4d:4f:ae:08:00&#8243;,fondamentalmente dalle prime due coppie di caratteri scopriamo che la marca è Dell.</span></p>
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		<title>Backdoor demonstration by Symantec</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/07/backdoor-demonstration-by-symantec/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/07/backdoor-demonstration-by-symantec/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2009 17:57:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[networking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[backdoor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ghostnet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[windows]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[La cosa mi spaventa al quanto&#8230;

       <img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=82&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>La cosa mi spaventa al quanto&#8230;</p>
<p><span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/07/backdoor-demonstration-by-symantec/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/Vz-gg8hxaVQ/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span></p>
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		<title>Oracle Datapump</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/oracle-datapump/</link>
		<comments>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/oracle-datapump/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2009 15:15:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Oracle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Varie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[import]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[export]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dump]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[datapump]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dba]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Nelle ultime versioni di Oracle Database (10 e 11) è stata introdotta una nuova funzione chiamata datapump.Questo va ad affiancare i vecchi comandi exp e imp,introducendo i comanid expdp e impdp.Con questa funzione gli import e gli export non sono più delle comnuni sessioni client-server tra il nostro client oracle e il db (con tutte [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=73&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Nelle ultime versioni di Oracle Database (10 e 11) è stata introdotta una nuova funzione chiamata datapump.Questo va ad affiancare i vecchi comandi exp e imp,introducendo i comanid expdp e impdp.Con questa funzione gli import e gli export non sono più delle comnuni sessioni client-server tra il nostro client oracle e il db (con tutte le limitazioni del caso),ma sono dei processi lanciati direttamente sul server (si potrà fare export e import solo su file e directory presenti sul server),questo è un vantaggio perchè oracle può amministrare le risorse da destinare a questi processi anche in base al carico di lavoro del db (finalmente non faremo sedere il db a ogni export <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' />  ).Vengono introdotte anche nuove funzioni che rendono più semplice la vita del dba (per esempio la possibilità di escludere/includere solo determinate tabelle nel processo di importazione/esportazione,e nel caso della versione enterprise si può specificare il grado di parallelismo che i processi possono raggiungere,quindi impostandolo per esempio a 4 avremo un export completato in 1/4 del tempo).</p>
<p>Cominciamo con dare gli opportuni grant all&#8217;utente che utilizzeremo per queste operazioni.</p>
<blockquote><p>CONN sys/password@rac10g AS SYSDBA<br />
ALTER USER fede IDENTIFIED BY 1234 ACCOUNT UNLOCK;<br />
GRANT CREATE ANY DIRECTORY TO fede;</p></blockquote>
<p>A questo punto creo una directory in Oracle che punti a una directory sul mio filesystem dando relativi grants al mio utente.</p>
<blockquote><p>CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY DP_DIR AS &#8216;/u01/app/oracle/orabck/&#8217;;<br />
GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY DP_DIR TO fede;</p></blockquote>
<p>Adesso possiamo cominciare con l&#8217;import o export di alcune tabelle,tramite il parametro TABLE,se volessimo andare a importare dei dati su una tabella già esistente dovremmo inserire anche il parametro TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=APPEND</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp fede/1234@rac10g  tables=ANAGRAFICA,CREDITI directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=ANAG_CRED.dmp logfile=expdpANAG_CRED.log<br />
impdp fede/1234@rac10g  tables=ANAGRAFICA,CREDITI directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=ANAG_CRED.dmp logfile=impdpANAG_CRED.log</p></blockquote>
<p>Se invece vogliamo importare o esportare un intero schema non utilizzeremo più i parametri FROMUSER,TOUSER oppure OWNER,ma direttamente il parametro SCHEMAS.</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp fede/1234@rac10g  schemas=CRED10G directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G.dmp logfile=expdpCRED10G.log<br />
impdp fede/1234@rac10g  schemas=CRED10G directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G.dmp logfile=impdpCRED10G.log</p></blockquote>
<p>Per quanto riguarda l&#8217;import o l&#8217;export di un intero database rimane il parametro FULL=Y .</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp fede/1234@rac10g  full=y directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G.dmp logfile=expdpCRED10G.log<br />
impdp fede/1234@rac10g  full=y directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G.dmp logfile=impdpCRED10G.log</p></blockquote>
<p>Tutte le operazioni di import ed export sono eseguite da dei processi sul server che fanno capo a un processo padre che li gestisce (queueing e via dicendo).Infatti se per esempio una volta lanciati uno dei comandi sopra indicati si stoppa il comando con ctrl + c,viene terminata solo la sessione con l&#8217;utente e veniamo dirottati su una console da cui per esempio possiamo lanciare il comando &#8220;status&#8221; che avrà il seguente output:</p>
<blockquote><p>Export&gt; status</p>
<p>Job: SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01<br />
Operation: EXPORT<br />
Mode: FULL<br />
State: EXECUTING<br />
Bytes Processed: 0<br />
Current Parallelism: 1<br />
Job Error Count: 0<br />
Dump File: D:TEMPDB10G.DMP<br />
bytes written: 4,096</p>
<p>Worker 1 Status:<br />
State: EXECUTING<br />
Object Schema: SYSMAN<br />
Object Name: MGMT_CONTAINER_CRED_ARRAY<br />
Object Type: DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC<br />
Completed Objects: 261<br />
Total Objects: 261</p></blockquote>
<p>Come scritto prima possiamo impostare il grado di parallelismo con cui lanciare lìexport o l&#8217;import attraverso il parametro PARALLEL e l&#8217;utilizzo della wildcard %U in modo tale che più file di export possano essere creati contemporaneamente.</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp fede/1234@rac10g  schemas=CRED10G PARALLEL=4 directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G%U.dmp logfile=expdpCRED10G.log</p></blockquote>
<p>La vista DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS può essere controllata per verificare lo stato dei jobs lanciati sul server.</p>
<blockquote><p>system@rac10g&gt; select * from dba_datapump_jobs;</p>
<p>OWNER_NAME                     JOB_NAME                       OPERATION<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
JOB_MODE                       STATE                              DEGREE ATTACHED_SESSIONS<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br />
SYSTEM                         SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01             EXPORT<br />
FULL                           EXECUTING                               1                 1</p></blockquote>
<p>Possono anche essere utilizzati i parametri EXCLUDE e INCLUDE per filtrare gli oggetti da processare.</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp fede/1234@rac10g  schemas=CRED10G include=TABLE:&#8221;IN (&#8216;ANAGRAFICA&#8217;, &#8216;CREDITI&#8217;)&#8221; directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G.dmp logfile=expdpCRED10G.log<br />
impdp fede/1234@rac10g  schemas=CRED10G exclude=TABLE:&#8221;= &#8216;CREDITI&#8217;&#8221; directory=DP_DIR dumpfile=CRED10G.dmp logfile=impdpCRED10G.log</p></blockquote>
<p>Nel caso dopo aver lanciato expdp abbiamo chiuso la finestra e vogliamo ritornarci per controllare lo stato,possiamo come prima cosa interrogare la vista DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS,da li ricavarci il JOB_NAME e quindi eseguire il seguente comando.</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp system/***** attach=SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01<br />
Export: Release 10.1.0.4.0 – 64bit Production on Tuesday, 20 March, 2007 23:53<br />
Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle. All rights reserved.<br />
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.4.0 – 64bit Production<br />
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options<br />
Job: SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_03<br />
Owner: SYSTEM<br />
Operation: EXPORT<br />
Creator Privs: FALSE<br />
GUID: 2C22B38216C04297E044000E7FEDD1FD<br />
Start Time: Tuesday, 20 March, 2007 23:53<br />
Mode: TABLE<br />
Instance: *****<br />
Max Parallelism: 4<br />
EXPORT Job Parameters:<br />
Parameter Name Parameter Value:<br />
CLIENT_COMMAND system/******** parfile=/backup/****/PARFILES/userdata_tablename.dat<br />
DATA_ACCESS_METHOD AUTOMATIC<br />
ESTIMATE BLOCKS<br />
INCLUDE_METADATA 1<br />
LOG_FILE_DIRECTORY DATA_PUMP_DIR2<br />
LOG_FILE_NAME expdp_tablename_20032007.log<br />
TABLE_CONSISTENCY 0<br />
State: IDLING<br />
Bytes Processed: 0<br />
Current Parallelism: 4<br />
Job Error Count: 0<br />
Dump File: /backup/****/expdp_tablename_20032007.dmp<br />
bytes written: 180,224<br />
Worker 1 Status:<br />
State: UNDEFINED<br />
Worker 2 Status:<br />
State: UNDEFINED<br />
Object Schema: *****<br />
Object Name: *****<br />
Object Type: TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TBL_TABLE_DATA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA<br />
Completed Objects: 1<br />
Total Objects: 1<br />
Worker 3 Status:<br />
State: UNDEFINED<br />
Worker 4 Status:<br />
State: UNDEFINED</p></blockquote>
<p>Per avere maggiori informazioni su datapump consiglio di guardare l&#8217;help sia dei comandi impdp che di expdp.</p>
<blockquote><p>expdp help=y</p>
<p>Export: Release 10.1.0.2.0 &#8211; Production on Tuesday, 23 March, 2004 8:33</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle.  All rights reserved.</p>
<p>The Data Pump export utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects<br />
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:</p>
<p>Example: expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp</p>
<p>You can control how Export runs by entering the &#8216;expdp&#8217; command followed<br />
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:</p>
<p>Format:  expdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,&#8230;,valueN)<br />
Example: expdp scott/tiger DUMPFILE=scott.dmp DIRECTORY=dmpdir SCHEMAS=scott<br />
or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table</p>
<p>USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.</p>
<p>Keyword               Description (Default)<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
ATTACH                Attach to existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name].<br />
CONTENT               Specifies data to unload where the valid keywords are:<br />
(ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY.<br />
DIRECTORY             Directory object to be used for dumpfiles and logfiles.<br />
DUMPFILE              List of destination dump files (expdat.dmp),<br />
e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.<br />
ESTIMATE              Calculate job estimates where the valid keywords are:<br />
(BLOCKS) and STATISTICS.<br />
ESTIMATE_ONLY         Calculate job estimates without performing the export.<br />
EXCLUDE               Exclude specific object types, e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP.<br />
FILESIZE              Specify the size of each dumpfile in units of bytes.<br />
FLASHBACK_SCN         SCN used to set session snapshot back to.<br />
FLASHBACK_TIME        Time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time.<br />
FULL                  Export entire database (N).<br />
HELP                  Display Help messages (N).<br />
INCLUDE               Include specific object types, e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.<br />
JOB_NAME              Name of export job to create.<br />
LOGFILE               Log file name (export.log).<br />
NETWORK_LINK          Name of remote database link to the source system.<br />
NOLOGFILE             Do not write logfile (N).<br />
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.<br />
PARFILE               Specify parameter file.<br />
QUERY                 Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table.<br />
SCHEMAS               List of schemas to export (login schema).<br />
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where<br />
the default (0) will show new status when available.<br />
TABLES                Identifies a list of tables to export &#8211; one schema only.<br />
TABLESPACES           Identifies a list of tablespaces to export.<br />
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK  Verify storage segments of all tables (N).<br />
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES List of tablespaces from which metadata will be unloaded.<br />
VERSION               Version of objects to export where valid keywords are:<br />
(COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version.</p>
<p>The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.<br />
Note: abbreviations are allowed</p>
<p>Command               Description<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
ADD_FILE              Add dumpfile to dumpfile set.<br />
ADD_FILE=dumpfile-name<br />
CONTINUE_CLIENT       Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle.<br />
EXIT_CLIENT           Quit client session and leave job running.<br />
HELP                  Summarize interactive commands.<br />
KILL_JOB              Detach and delete job.<br />
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.<br />
PARALLEL=.<br />
START_JOB             Start/resume current job.<br />
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where<br />
the default (0) will show new status when available.<br />
STATUS=[interval]<br />
STOP_JOB              Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.<br />
STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of the<br />
Data Pump job.</p>
<p>impdp help=y</p>
<p>Import: Release 10.1.0.2.0 &#8211; Production on Saturday, 11 September, 2004 17:22</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2003, Oracle.  All rights reserved.</p>
<p>The Data Pump Import utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects<br />
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:</p>
<p>Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp</p>
<p>You can control how Import runs by entering the &#8216;impdp&#8217; command followed<br />
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:</p>
<p>Format:  impdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,&#8230;,valueN)<br />
Example: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp</p>
<p>USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.</p>
<p>Keyword               Description (Default)<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
ATTACH                Attach to existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name].<br />
CONTENT               Specifies data to load where the valid keywords are:<br />
(ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY.<br />
DIRECTORY             Directory object to be used for dump, log, and sql files.<br />
DUMPFILE              List of dumpfiles to import from (expdat.dmp),<br />
e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.<br />
ESTIMATE              Calculate job estimates where the valid keywords are:<br />
(BLOCKS) and STATISTICS.<br />
EXCLUDE               Exclude specific object types, e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP.<br />
FLASHBACK_SCN         SCN used to set session snapshot back to.<br />
FLASHBACK_TIME        Time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time.<br />
FULL                  Import everything from source (Y).<br />
HELP                  Display help messages (N).<br />
INCLUDE               Include specific object types, e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.<br />
JOB_NAME              Name of import job to create.<br />
LOGFILE               Log file name (import.log).<br />
NETWORK_LINK          Name of remote database link to the source system.<br />
NOLOGFILE             Do not write logfile.<br />
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.<br />
PARFILE               Specify parameter file.<br />
QUERY                 Predicate clause used to import a subset of a table.<br />
REMAP_DATAFILE        Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements.<br />
REMAP_SCHEMA          Objects from one schema are loaded into another schema.<br />
REMAP_TABLESPACE      Tablespace object are remapped to another tablespace.<br />
REUSE_DATAFILES       Tablespace will be initialized if it already exists (N).<br />
SCHEMAS               List of schemas to import.<br />
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES Skip indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state.<br />
SQLFILE               Write all the SQL DDL to a specified file.<br />
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where<br />
the default (0) will show new status when available.<br />
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION Enable the loading of Streams metadata<br />
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION   Action to take if imported object already exists.<br />
Valid keywords: (SKIP), APPEND, REPLACE and TRUNCATE.<br />
TABLES                Identifies a list of tables to import.<br />
TABLESPACES           Identifies a list of tablespaces to import.<br />
TRANSFORM             Metadata transform to apply (Y/N) to specific objects.<br />
Valid transform keywords: SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES and STORAGE.<br />
ex. TRANSFORM=SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES:N:TABLE.<br />
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES   List of datafiles to be imported by transportable mode.<br />
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK  Verify storage segments of all tables (N).<br />
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES List of tablespaces from which metadata will be loaded.<br />
Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.<br />
VERSION               Version of objects to export where valid keywords are:<br />
(COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version.<br />
Only valid for NETWORK_LINK and SQLFILE.</p>
<p>The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.<br />
Note: abbreviations are allowed</p>
<p>Command               Description (Default)<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<br />
CONTINUE_CLIENT       Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle.<br />
EXIT_CLIENT           Quit client session and leave job running.<br />
HELP                  Summarize interactive commands.<br />
KILL_JOB              Detach and delete job.<br />
PARALLEL              Change the number of active workers for current job.<br />
PARALLEL=.<br />
START_JOB             Start/resume current job.<br />
START_JOB=SKIP_CURRENT will start the job after skipping<br />
any action which was in progress when job was stopped.<br />
STATUS                Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where<br />
the default (0) will show new status when available.<br />
STATUS=[interval]<br />
STOP_JOB              Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.<br />
STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of the<br />
Data Pump job.</p></blockquote>
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		<title>Linux Monitor / Healthcheck script</title>
		<link>http://installatore.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/linux-monitor-healthcheck-script/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2009 14:10:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>installatore</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Varie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[solaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[admin]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[health]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://installatore.wordpress.com/?p=68</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In questo articolo,descrivo come tramite l&#8217;uso dei comandi della shell di linux possiamo crearci uno script da schedulare successivamente con cron,per monitorare lo stato di salute dei nostri server.La funzionalità dello script è molto semplice ,sicuramente può essere migliorato.
Come prima cosa partirei controllando che il/i filesystem del nostro server non siano pieni .
[root@rac2 ~]# df [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=installatore.wordpress.com&blog=4360094&post=68&subd=installatore&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>In questo articolo,descrivo come tramite l&#8217;uso dei comandi della shell di linux possiamo crearci uno script da schedulare successivamente con cron,per monitorare lo stato di salute dei nostri server.La funzionalità dello script è molto semplice ,sicuramente può essere migliorato.</p>
<p>Come prima cosa partirei controllando che il/i filesystem del nostro server non siano pieni .</p>
<blockquote><p>[root@rac2 ~]# df -h</p>
<p>Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on</p>
<p>/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00</p>
<p>14G   13G  775M  95% /</p>
<p>/dev/sda1              99M   19M   76M  20% /boot</p>
<p>tmpfs                 502M  300M  202M  60% /dev/shm</p></blockquote>
<div>Controlliamo inoltre gli ultimi login effettuati sulla macchina,come si dice&#8230;.la prudenza non è mai troppa&#8230;</div>
<div></div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2 ~]# last | head -20</div>
<div>root     pts/3        192.168.0.8      Tue Aug 18 09:20   still logged in</div>
<div>oracle   pts/3        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 09:17 &#8211; 09:20  (00:02)</div>
<div>oracle   pts/3        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 08:19 &#8211; 09:16  (00:56)</div>
<div>oracle   pts/2        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 07:08   still logged in</div>
<div>oracle   :0                            Tue Aug 18 07:08   still logged in</div>
<div>oracle   :0                            Tue Aug 18 07:08 &#8211; 07:08  (00:00)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        openfiler1       Tue Aug 18 07:04   still logged in</div>
<div>reboot   system boot  2.6.18-128.4.1.e Tue Aug 18 06:57          (02:25)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 06:44 &#8211; down   (00:11)</div>
<div>root     pts/2        openfiler1       Tue Aug 18 06:22 &#8211; down   (00:32)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 06:15 &#8211; 06:43  (00:28)</div>
<div>root     :0                            Tue Aug 18 06:14 &#8211; down   (00:40)</div>
<div>root     :0                            Tue Aug 18 06:14 &#8211; 06:14  (00:00)</div>
<div>reboot   system boot  2.6.18-128.4.1.e Tue Aug 18 06:10          (00:45)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 05:49 &#8211; down   (00:19)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        :0.0             Tue Aug 18 05:47 &#8211; 05:48  (00:00)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        :0.0             Sun Aug 16 16:36 &#8211; 05:46 (1+13:10)</div>
<div>root     pts/2        :0.0             Sun Aug 16 16:26 &#8211; down  (1+13:41)</div>
<div>root     pts/1        :0.0             Sun Aug 16 16:24 &#8211; 16:36  (00:12)</div>
<div>root     :0                            Sun Aug 16 16:23 &#8211; down  (1+13:45)</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Un&#8217;altra cosa da controllare soprattutto sui sistemi esposti su internet,è la grandezza della cartella temporanea e relativi file,molto spesso al suo interno si annidano rootkit o altri malware.Nel mio caso la cartella temporanea era /tmp</div>
<div></div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2 ~]# du -h /tmp</div>
<div>8.0K    /tmp/gconfd-root</div>
<div>4.0K    /tmp/keyring-JuVYH2</div>
<div>4.0K    /tmp/.oracle</div>
<div>16K    /tmp</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Controlliamo anche lo stato dell&#8217;hardware della scheda madre andando a fare un grep su tutte le voci che contegono state o status.</div>
<div></div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2 ~]# dmidecode |grep -B 2 Stat</div>
<div>Serial Number: &#8230;..</div>
<div>Asset Tag:</div>
<div>Boot-up State: Safe</div>
<div>Power Supply State: Safe</div>
<div>Thermal State: Safe</div>
<div>Security Status: None</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Max Speed: 5200 MHz</div>
<div>Current Speed: 2400 MHz</div>
<div>Status: Populated, Enabled</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>On Board Device Information</div>
<div>Type: Ethernet</div>
<div>Status: Enabled</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>On Board Device Information</div>
<div>Type: Sound</div>
<div>Status: Enabled</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>On Board Device Information</div>
<div>Type: Other</div>
<div>Status: Enabled</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Access Method: Memory-mapped physical 32-bit address</div>
<div>Access Address: 0xFFF81000</div>
<div>Status: Valid, Not Full</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Handle 0&#215;1800, DMI type 24, 5 bytes.</div>
<div>Hardware Security</div>
<div>Power-On Password Status: Enabled</div>
<div>Keyboard Password Status: Not Implemented</div>
<div>Administrator Password Status: Enabled</div>
<div>Front Panel Reset Status: Not Implemented</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Cooling Device</div>
<div>Type: Fan</div>
<div>Status: OK</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Cooling Device</div>
<div>Type: Fan</div>
<div>Status: OK</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Cooling Device</div>
<div>Type: Fan</div>
<div>Status: OK</div>
<div>&#8211;</div>
<div>Handle 0&#215;2000, DMI type 32, 11 bytes.</div>
<div>System Boot Information</div>
<div>Status: No errors detected</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>A questo punto diamo un&#8217;occhiata allo stato dei pacchetti droppati e agli errori di trasmissione e ricezione sulle interfacce di rete.In linea di massima questi valori non dovrebbero crescere in maniera esorbitante nell&#8217;arco della giornata.</div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2 ~]# ifconfig</div>
<div>eth4      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:2D:6F:3E</div>
</div>
<div>inet addr:192.168.0.102  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Mask:255.255.255.0</div>
<div>inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2d:6f3e/64 Scope:Link</div>
<div>UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1</div>
<div>RX packets:2814028 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0</div>
<div>TX packets:383162 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0</div>
<div>collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000</div>
<div>RX bytes:2263618394 (2.1 GiB)  TX bytes: 372588412946 (347 GiB)</div>
<div>Base address:0&#215;2000 Memory:d8940000-d8960000</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Oltre al comando ifconfig per controllare la parte &#8220;fisica&#8221; del collegamento in rete possiamo usare ethtool.</div>
<div></div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2 ~]# ethtool eth0</div>
<div>Settings for eth0:</div>
<div>Supported ports: [ TP ]</div>
<div>Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full</div>
<div>100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full</div>
<div>1000baseT/Full</div>
<div>Supports auto-negotiation: Yes</div>
<div>Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full</div>
<div>100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full</div>
<div>1000baseT/Full</div>
<div>Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes</div>
<div>Speed: 1000Mb/s</div>
<div>Duplex: Full</div>
<div>Port: Twisted Pair</div>
<div>PHYAD: 0</div>
<div>Transceiver: internal</div>
<div>Auto-negotiation: on</div>
<div>Supports Wake-on: d</div>
<div>Wake-on: d</div>
<div>Current message level: 0&#215;00000007 (7)</div>
<div>Link detected: yes</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Tramite lm_sensors possiamo ottenere i valori di elettricità e di temperatura di alcuni componenti della scheda madre della nostra macchina,quindi se non lo avete già fatto bisogna installare lm_sensors e lanciare il comando sensors-detect e seguire la procedura guidata per la prima configurazione.</div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2]# sensors</div>
<div>lm85b-i2c-0-2e</div>
<div>Adapter: SMBus I801 adapter at c400</div>
<div>V1.5: +1.47 V (min = +1.42 V, max = +1.58 V)</div>
<div>VCore: +1.49 V (min = +1.45 V, max = +1.60 V)</div>
<div>V3.3: +3.33 V (min = +3.13 V, max = +3.47 V)</div>
<div>V5: +5.03 V (min = +4.74 V, max = +5.26 V)</div>
<div>V12: +12.25 V (min = +11.38 V, max = +12.62 V)</div>
<div>CPU_Fan: 2386 RPM (min = 4000 RPM) ALARM</div>
<div>fan2: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM)</div>
<div>fan3: 0 RPM (min = 0 RPM)</div>
<div>fan4: 300 RPM (min = 0 RPM)</div>
<div>CPU: +29°C (low = +10°C, high = +50°C)</div>
<div>Board: +29°C (low = +10°C, high = +35°C)</div>
<div>Remote: +28°C (low = +10°C, high = +35°C)</div>
<div>CPU_PWM: 255</div>
<div>Fan2_PWM: 255</div>
<div>Fan3_PWM: 77</div>
<div>vid: +1.525 V (VRM Version 9.0)</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Bisogna inoltre controllare eventuali errori hardware ai dischi tramite dmesg,in dmesg trovate anche altri errori relativi alle periferiche,qui di seguito lo utilizzo con un grep per i dischi,ovviamente potete personalizzare il grep a vostra discrezione.</div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2 ~]# dmesg | grep sda</div>
<div>SCSI device sda: 33554432 512-byte hdwr sectors (17180 MB)</div>
<div>sda: Write Protect is off</div>
<div>sda: Mode Sense: 5d 00 00 00</div>
<div>sda: cache data unavailable</div>
<div>sda: assuming drive cache: write through</div>
<div>SCSI device sda: 33554432 512-byte hdwr sectors (17180 MB)</div>
<div>sda: Write Protect is off</div>
<div>sda: Mode Sense: 5d 00 00 00</div>
<div>sda: cache data unavailable</div>
<div>sda: assuming drive cache: write through</div>
<div>sda: sda1 sda2</div>
<div>sd 0:0:0:0: Attached scsi disk sda</div>
<div>EXT3 FS on sda1, internal journal</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>Quindi controlliamo il numero di processi &#8220;zombie&#8221; e quale tra i processi sta consumando più ram e cpu giusto per vedere che non ci siano problemi (il numero dei processi zombie non deve mai essere troppo alto).</div>
<div></div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>[root@rac2]# top -bn 2 &gt;&gt; /tmp/top.txt</div>
<div>top &#8211; 09:52:46 up  130 days,  5 users,  load average: 0.13, 0.21, 0.27</div>
<div>Tasks: 159 total,   3 running, 156 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie</div>
<div>Cpu(s):  0.0%us,  1.0%sy,  0.0%ni, 95.0%id,  3.6%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.3%si,  0.0%st</div>
<div>Mem:   1027004k total,   936852k used,    90152k free,    20292k buffers</div>
<div>Swap:  2064376k total,    71652k used,  1992724k free,   681484k cached</div>
<div></div>
<div>PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND</div>
<div>1314 root      15   0 12740 1108  804 R  1.0  0.1   0:00.16 top</div>
<div>1274 root      15   0 88948 3328 2588 R  0.3  0.3   0:00.27 sshd</div>
<div>1 root      15   0 10344  508  476 S  0.0  0.0   0:01.22 init</div>
<div>2 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0</div>
<div>3 root      34  19     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.05 ksoftirqd/0</div>
<div>4 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/0</div>
<div>5 root      10  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:05.58 events/0</div>
<div>6 root      10  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper</div>
<div>15 root      10  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kthread</div>
<div>19 root      10  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:08.29 kblockd/0</div>
<div>20 root      20  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kacpid</div>
<div>205 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 cqueue/0</div>
<div>208 root      10  -5     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khubd</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div>A questo punto spiegati tutti i singoli comandi possiamo crearci uno script da lanciare tutti i giorni tramite cron,in modo tale che ci invii anche una mail con il resoconto di tutti i comandi.</div>
<div></div>
<blockquote>
<div>
<div>#!/bin/sh</div>
<div># monitor script linux v1</div>
<div>uname -a &gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>df -h &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>last |head -10 &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>du -h /tmp &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>ethtool eth0 &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>ifconfig eth0 &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>dmidecode |grep -B 2 Stat &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>sensors &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>top -bn 2 &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>smartctl -d ata -iH /dev/sda &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>smartctl -d ata -iH /dev/sdb &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>dmesg |grep sda &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>dmesg |grep sdb &gt;&gt; /tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>echo &#8220;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-&#8221;&gt;&gt;/tmp/mhc.txt</div>
<div>cat /tmp/mhc.txt |mail -s server-health-check your@email.com</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div></div>
<blockquote></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">[root@rac2 ~]# df -h</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">14G   13G  775M  95% /</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">/dev/sda1              99M   19M   76M  20% /boot</div>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;">tmpfs                 502M  300M  202M  60% /de</div>
</blockquote>
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